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In the past decade and a half, a number of articles in the psychoanalytic literature have attempted to reassess the function and meaning of the manifest content of the dream. For example, in the Kris Study Group monograph, The Manifest Content of the Dream (Fine, Joseph, and Waldhorn, 1969), W. Stewart emphasized the importance of working with the manifest content of the dream in order to understand patients suffering from traumatic neuroses. Spanjäard (1969) went further and offered the hypothesis that the manifest content of the dream provided an entry point to the most superficial and interpretable levels of any patient's conflicts. A similar idea has also been offered by Greenberg and Pearlman (1978).
From another vantage point, Bradlow (1971, 1973) and Brad-low and Coen (1975) have attempted to correlate various elements in the manifest content of initial dreams reported by patients in analysis with their ultimate analyzability. In yet another vein, Oremland (1973a) and Cavenar and Nash (1976) detailed the utilization of the analysis of the manifest content of certain dreams in determining the readiness of their analysands for termination of the treatment. In his work with the manifest content of the dreams of narcissistic patients, Kohut (1977) described an entirely different category