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Zusammenfassung: Die Thüringer Ärzte Wolfgang Warda und Wilhelm Strohmayer gehörten zu den ersten deutschen Medizinern, die sich in den Jahren um 1900 für Freuds Theorie interessierten und seine Behandlungsmethode anwandten. Ihre Beiträge werden dem Wirkungskreis von Otto Binswanger, Ordinarius für Psychiatrie in Jena, zugeordnet, einem Repräsentanten der sog. »psychologischen Richtung« in der Psychiatrie, die Freud zunächst relativ aufgeschlossen gegenüberstand. Wardas und Strohmayers Annäherung und Abwendung von der Psychoanalyse werden dargestellt und erörtert, desgleichen
Summary: From anamnesis to the art of interpretation, or: What is a »genuine« psychoanalyst? Wolfgang Warda, Ludwig Binswanger, Wilhelm Strohmayer and the origins of psychoanalysis in Thuringia. Warda and Strohmayer from Thuringia were among the first German physicians who developed an interest in Freud's theory and therapeutic method around 1900. Their contributions reflect the influence of Otto Binswanger, professor of psychiatry in Jena, a representative of the »psychological direction« in psychiatry which in the beginning was relatively receptive to Freud. The paper discusses their rapprochement to, and detachment from, the Freudian school, including also the work of a third young physician: Ludwig Binswanger, Otto's nephew, who was active in Jena at the same time. It points to certain factors contributing to the increasing rejection Freud met in academic circles which have been underrated to date: (1) the transformation of psychoanalysis into an art of interpretation; (2) the introduction of transference. Both factors which were elaborated by Freud as essentials of his theoretical and practical approach around 1900 and published in 1904/05, undermined the claim of academic medicine to objectivity. The paper describes how psychoanalysis officially abandoned the scientific standards of contemporary medicine at the Weimar congress in 1911, at the same time as Warda and Strohmayer left the Freudian group.