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Freud, in a footnote to his paper on "The Dynamics of Transference" (1912), stated: "Daimon kai tyche (Endowment and Chance) determine a man's fate—rarely or never one of these powers alone. The amount of aetiological effectiveness to be attributed to each of them can only be arrived at in every individual case separately. These cases may be arranged in a series according to the varying proportion in which the two factors are present, and this series will no doubt have its extreme cases. We shall estimate the share taken by constitution or experience differently in individual cases according to the stage reached by our knowledge; and we shall retain the right to modify our judgment along with changes in our understanding" (p. 99).
Freud originally tried to establish a connection between certain types of neurosis and certain phases of libidinal development (1913). He then attempted to determine the genetic factor in certain "Libidinal Types" (1931).2 In "Analysis Terminable and Interminable" (1937) he elaborated on the relative importance of genetic and environmental factors and introduced the genetic factor as a quantitative consideration. The more pathological the genetic endowment, the less environmental traumatization is necessary to produce a neurosis. Freud emphasized in this paper also that genetic factors must of necessity apply to ego development as well as to the id. This recognition became fully meaningful only through Hartmann's concept of primary ego autonomy (1939). With this concept a new variable was introduced which had to be considered in normal