Beginning with our goal—that we analyze to make that which is unconscious conscious—I stated that the productions of our patients are to be seen as derivatives of unconscious processes. Certain derivatives, such as accounts of "things that happened yesterday," are important to the analysis, but can be understood as derivatives more distant from the unconscious than a description of that which is happening now "on the couch"; the nearer the derivatives, the more clearly can conflicts be

seen and worked with in a way that achieves conviction. With this in mind, I emphasized the importance of educating the patient to a way of free association that includes self-observation of his experiences. This training of the patient, however, is not confined to the beginning phases of an analysis. It is a continuous process in which the analyst helps the patient to describe his dream and analytic experience in detail.