PSYCHOANALYSIS AND PSYCHIATRY (ESPECIALLY ACADEMIC PSYchiatry) have developed over the years an alliance that has been intimate but always problematic and uncertain, and periodically grossly troubled and strained. To call up just one statement (and any number of others would be equally possible and equally cogent) of the kinds of dilemmas that beset this relationship: on the one hand, psychiatry has been the source of the greatest part (and in America, of the overwhelming part) of the manpower recruited to psychoanalytic training and activity, as well as the locus of the greatest application of psychoanalytic knowledge both as basic psychological theory infusing and informing the conceptual framework of academic psychiatry under the banner of psychodynamics, and as central psychotherapeutic technique under the rubric of psychoanalytic or psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy. On the other hand, psychoanalysis has always, most ambivalently, asserted itself ideologically and conceptually