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MOST PSYCHOANALYSTS ASSUME THAT HOMOSEXUALITY REFLECTS an unfavorable unconscious solution to developmental conflicts, and that, consequently, the entire personality of the homosexual shows various disturbances. The number and kind of pathological deficits attributed to homosexuals are very large, and I have selected only a few for illustrative purposes. Bergler (1956) wrote of six traits: masochistic provocation and injustice collecting, defensive malice, flippancy, hypernarcissism, refusal to acknowledge accepted standards in nonsexual matters, and general unreliability. "The most interesting feature of this sextet of traits," he writes, "is its universality. Regardless of the level of intelligence, culture, background, or education, all homosexuals possess it" (p. 49). Homosexuals have been said to suffer from a large variety of ego defects (Panel, 1954, p. 344), including "primitive features of the ego" similar to those found in schizophrenia (Panel, 1960, p. 556) and sociopathy.1 Glover (1932, p. 230)