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Change Can Best be Assessed, and then with only Limited Accuracy, from a historical point of view. When one is part of the Zeitgeist, one's vision will be blurred, and thus one will not be able to predict which advances will be enduring. It will be difficult to foresee the measure of overextension that accompanies the arrival of new ideas or to determine how much of the past has been inappropriately discarded. It is even more difficult to evaluate the changes in psychoanalytic technique, for there are no singular rules that guide it.
In order to avoid overemphasizing new theories on some aspects of psychic life to the neglect of others, Anna Freud introduced the metapsychological profile and explored the interaction of the developmental lines. Only their complex relationship can explain developmental progression, deviation, or transition.
Anna Freud's Normality and Pathology in Childhood (1965) is a book that reconfirms for us basic child-analytic propositions, explores the multitude of pathological conditions, and proposes a significant new direction for studying normality and pathology by declaring that “the child analyst, who sees progressive development as the most essential function of the immature, is deeply and centrally involved with the