Although intergenerational effects of traumatic experiences have garnered increased clinical and empirical attention, not much is known about the mechanisms by which trauma-related distress is transmitted. This paper brings together insights from mother–infant attachment research and oxytocin research to provide a neurobiobehavioral account of how maternal trauma affects the mother, the mother–infant attachment, and the infant. We draw from both behavioral and oxytocin research to shed light on how the cycle of intergenerational transmission is perpetuated and to consider what can be done to disrupt the cycle. We conclude by pointing toward a strategy for intervening in the intergenerational transmission of trauma, highlighting areas where further research is needed.