The training in psychoanalysis of interns in psychiatry is a major issue for, as I shall recall with a brief historical overview, the gap between psychoanalysis and psychiatry has widened with time. Drawing on my hospital experience, I will show that the transmission of psychoanalysis to interns in psychiatry entails in particular the discovery of unconscious processes and the issue of handling the transference/countertransference relationship during the shared experience of consultation in relation to these two referents. This situation makes it possible to train interns how to listen to defences analytically. Thus, projection is opposed to the establishment of the transference, but may nonetheless serve to establish a potential transitional space, thereby opening up the possibility subsequently for the patient to explore his/her psychical reality. In this way, notions such as the gap between theory and practice or the gap between the person as an object of the transference and his/her function can be explored at the heart of clinical practice.