The last decades have witnessed the emergence of a new discipline, neuro-psychoanalysis, which tries to provide a psychoanalytic framework for its studies of the brain. This approach to the mind based on an exploration of the brain seems to us to be in contradiction with Freud’s evolutionist thought, in particular with the theory of dreams. Pavlov and Freud showed that there is no entanglement between brain and thought. The thought of man emerges at the heart of hallucinatory activity to which he is bound by his immaturity. It is only at the heart of this hallucinatory activity that the thought of man must be explored. The so-called “advances in brain research” are of no use to the psychoanalyst with respect to the way he approaches the mind. Moreover, neuropsychoanalysts are invited to acquire a specific conceptual corpus instead of behaving as the “cuckoos” of another discipline.