Over the last twenty years, therapies referring to psychoanalysis have been the subject of several dozens of randomized controlled trials. They have been shown to be as effective as other talking psychotherapies in treating the most common mental disorders. However, this approach, which originated in somatic medicine, has been unable to shed light on the details of the therapeutic processes leading to patient improvement. This observation leads many authors to recommend case studies, as they provide practitioners with illuminating feedback and a necessary confrontation with their theoretical presuppositions.