The author revisits the history of Italian psychoanalytical thought and its fundamental stages from the foundation of the Italian Psychoanalytical Society in 1925 to its contemporary developments. The article is organized in different sections that explore in depth the themes of the trace of the origins, characterized by the translation of Freud’s work (1966-1980) and, from 1946, by plural developments, that is to say, the interest for the thought of Winnicott and Bion. Italian psychoanalysis is both unitary, centred on Freudian thought as its original foundation, and plural, in relation to the questions raised by the intense clinical work and its transference-counter-transference resonances sensitive to the early phases of psychic life, to the analytic relationship and to the transformations induced by the mental functioning of the analyst within the analytic couple.