Can the instant of the spoken word as a material, object and lever of psychoanalysis belong to the long duration of history ? To rule out any simple continuity between psychoanalysis and history, we try to link analytic activity to creation in both the aesthetic and religious senses : making something new out of something old, and making visible or audible to the world what was chaos and magma. The author begins by considering in Freud's work the unfolding of the traces of the past through the analysis of artists and their neuroses. Then he notes that another motive, the fascination for what is visible, evoked history by perpetuating the moment of listening. Finally, using the example of scholastic thought, and in particular that of Nicole Oresme (14th century), he puts forward the hypothesis of historical cycles in which man explores the unthought aspects of speech that goes well beyond the knowledge of language. This process excludes the linearity of influence and assembles the fragments of a discontinuous History.