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| Preface | vii | |
| Author's Note | xi | |
| 1 | The Conflict-Free Ego Sphere | 3 |
| 2 | Adaptation | 22 |
| 3 | Adaptation and “Fitting Together”—The Reality Principle | 38 |
| 4 | Ego Development and Adaptation | 48 |
| 5 | Internalization, Thinking, and Rational Behavior | 57 |
| 6 | Some Integrative Functions of the Ego | 74 |
| 7 | Implications for the Concepts of Health and Education | 80 |
| 8 | Preconscious Automatisms | 86 |
| 9 | Ego Apparatuses. Autonomous Ego Development | 100 |
| Bibliography | 109 | |
| Name Index | 115 | |
| Subject Index | 117 | |
The publication of a complete English translation of Heinz Hartmann's essay, EGO PSYCHOLOGY AND THE PROBLEM OF ADAPTATION, inaugurates the Monograph Series of the Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. This project was conceived several years ago, but its initiation has had to await the availability of a psychoanalytic work of exceptional merit and importance. The editors believe that the appropriate occasion has finally arrived. The timeliness of this decision is attested to by the recent award to Dr. Hartmann, of the Charles Frederick Menninger Award of the American Psychoanalytic Association, for his scientific contributions.
“Ich-Psychologie und Anpassungsproblem” was first presented in 1937 before the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society and then published in German in 1939 in the Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse und Imago. Historically it represents a turning point in the development of modern psychoanalytic theory. It is a natural sequel to Freud's previous formulations of the structural hypothesis and his contributions to ego psychology. With its appearance there began an evolution in psychoanalytic thought which continues to